The
Civil
Rights Movement resulted from Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas (1954)
that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson(1896). Thurgood
Marshall’s argument for Ms. Brown was that the Plessy
decision of “separate but equal” violated the 14th
Amendment. In 1954 the brown unanimous decision, written by
Chief
Justice Earl Warren decided that “separate cannot be equal”
allowing Ms. Brown to enroll in the school closer to her home that had
been restricted to white students.
The
Civil
Rights Movement led to controversy about affirmative action. Desegregation
and affirmative action included balancing the acceptance of students in
schools and colleges during the Civil Rights Movement that
began after 1954. Regents of the University of
California v. Bakke (1978)decided
the issue of affirmative action. A quota system in favor of minorities
had led to the rejection of a white male’s admission to the University
of California Davis Medical School. Mr. Bakke, student, brought it to the
US Supreme Court that ordered the university to accept him. However, the
same decision upheld the general principle of affirmative action.
The
end of the Cold War in 1989 brought many changes.InCalifornia,
Governor Pete Wilson (R) led the campaign to eliminate
affirmative
action on the University of California’s nine campuses. Then, he ran
for the Republican presidentialnomination.
He sponsored Proposition 209 (California Civil Rights Initiative) to
repeal affirmative laws throughout California because he thought that
it would allow him to be nominated by the Republican Party for the upcoming
presidential election in 1996.
Included
in this project are presidents, people, justices, interest groups, foreign
policy and social movements related to these subjects.
Questions
A:
A1.What
policy was designed to provide equal opportunity?
A2.What
kind of action is designed to increase opportunities for minorities and
women?
A3.Which
case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson?
A4.Who was the California governor who initiated Proposition. 209?
A5.Who
led the Civil Rights Movement?
A6.Who
was the lawyer of Ms. Brown?
A7.What
position did Earl Warren hold on the US Supreme Court?
A8.Who
was the student that brought a case against a university to court?
A9.Bakke
was the plaintiff, who was the defendant?
A10.
Which amendment number did Chief Justice Warran decide that Plessy v.
Ferguson violated?
A11.
What war ended in 1989?
President Harry S. Truman ended the war with
the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.
United
Nations (UN) alsocalled
United Nations Organization (UNO) was created in
San Francisco and was headquartered in New York by
the main victorious Allies which became the 5 permanent UN
Security
Council members. The five permanent members of UN were
United States,
Soviet Union, China, Great Britain, and
France. These five countries have the veto power in the UN. The UN
in 1945 did not end world conflicts, however. The Cold War started
between S.U. and U.S. A few years later in 1949 the U.S.
created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with the membership
countries of Canada, Great Britain, France, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway,
and Portugal.
The United States became actively part of World War
II due to the attack of Japanese forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The war
won by United States and the Allies through white and black American soldiers
in spite of segregation in the armed forces. Most minorities were
put in the front line compare to the other group resulting in more casualties
and deaths. Segregation started to weaken under the leadership of Dr.
Martin Luther King, head of
the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Civil Rights
Movement grew in response to the segregation that followed the end
of slavery as an economic system when the Civil War ended
in 1865. In 1954, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
overturned Plessy v. Ferguson that paved the way for the
Civil Rights Movement. Its aim was to gain equal rights for all people.
Questions B:
B1.What
ended in 1945?
B2.Who
was the leader of Germany and what party?
B3.Who
was the leader of Italy and what party?
B4.Who
was the leader of United States and what party?
B5.Who
was the US president that ordered the atomic bombing in Japan?
B6.Atomic
bomb was dropped in what two cities in Japan?
B7.In
1945, what war started?
B8.In
1989, what war ended?
B9.What
organization was created in 1945?
B10.
The United Nations was created in what city?
B11.
The United Nations was headquartered in what city?
B12.
Which countries were the five permanent members of the UN?
B13.
NATO stands for what?
Questions
C: C1.What
year was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas decided? C2.Who
was the original plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas? C3.Who
was the original defendant in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas? C4.What
major event happened in 1954? C5.Who
was one founder and leader of the Civil Rights Movement? C6.Brown
v. Board of Education overturned (overruled) what court case in 1954? C7.Who
was the Chief Justice during Brown v. Board of Education? C8.Who
was the lawyer of Ms. Brown? C9.What
group provided Thurgood Marshall's legal services to Ms. Brown? C10.
What is de jure segregation? C11.
What is de facto segregation?
D.
Regents
of the University of California v. Bakke
D2.Who
was the defendant in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
D3.What
was the highest court to hear Regents of the University. of California
v. Bakke?
D4.What
kind of lawsuit was filed in the state court?
D5.Who
was the only African-American Justice on US Supreme Court?
D6.Who
was Chief Justice that rejected the University of California's quota system?
D7.NAACP
stands for what?
D8.Thurgood
Marshall asked the U.S. Supreme Court to overrule (overturn) what
1896 decision?
In
the United States, the minorities struggled over segregation laws. Black
people were battling wars overseas and dying for their country but were
not permitted to attend the same school with the white students in their
own country. This led to the Civil Rights Movements after
the court decided in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
that Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was unconstitutional. Also,
in California there are changes that happened. One major development was
the California Civil Rights Initiative spearheaded by Gov. Pete Wilson(R).
California voters passed it and became first state in the nation to abolish
affirmative action in the school system.
Questions
E:
E1.When
did the Cold War end?
E2.The
fall of the Berlin Wall in Germany symbolized what kind of war ended?
E3.Who
were the three nations that joined NATO in 1989?
E4.Who
formed the Warsaw Pact?
E5.Soviet
Union heads what treaty in Europe?
E6.Who
was the governor of California?
E7.What
is the other term for California Civil Rights Initiative?
E8.Which
party did Gov. Pete Wilson supports?
E9.What
kind of crisis happened in Cuba?
Questions F:
F1.Who
was the Governor of California?
F2.Who
was the chair of Board of Regents of UC?
F3.Who
wants to end affirmative action in California?
F4.Governor
Wilson supports what party?
F5.Who
is against illegal immigrants?
F6.Who
initiated Proposition 209(California Civil Rights Initiative)?
F7.Who
asked to end affirmative action in University of California system?
F8.Did
the California Voters approve the Proposition 209?
F9.What
action encourages equal opportunities?
Dwight
Eisenhower(R)
first tried to negotiate with Arkansas governor that failed. Eisenhower
ordered Federal troops into Little Rock to federalize the Arkansas National
Guard, allowing the African-American students to go to a previously “white
only” high school. This was after the Supreme Court's 1954 decision in
Brown
v. Board of Education of Topeka to desegregate schools brought
immediate controversy in the South. This occurred after the Arkansas governor
used the National Guard to prohibit the African-American students from
attending a Little Rock high school.
President
John F. Kennedy (D)
asked that all federal contractors not just avoid discrimination but “take
affirmative
action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are
treated during employment without regard to race, creed, color or national
origin.”
President
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)
believed that it was not enough to remove legal barriers confronting minorities;
some form of affirmative action would be needed to help minorities
overcome decades of prior discrimination. In compliance with Civil Rights
Act of 1964 during the Civil Rights Movement, Pres. Johnson ordered
federal contractors to take affirmative action to recruit, hire, and promote
more minorities. Two years later, Pres. Johnson extended the coverage of
affirmative action to women.
President
Bill Clinton (D),
in his candidacy for 1996 presidential race, concluded that affirmative
action was good for America but it might need some changes. His slogan
was “ mend it, but don’t end it.”
1.Harry
S. Truman (D)Slogan:“Fair
Deal”
2.John
F. Kennedy (D)Slogan: “New Frontier”
3.Lyndon
B. Johnson (D)Slogan:“Great
Society”
Questions
G:
G1.Whose
slogan is Fair Deal and what party?
G2.Whose
slogan is Mend it, don’t end it and what party?
G3.Whose
slogan is New Frontier and what party?
G4.Whose
slogan is Great Society and what party?
G5.Who
was the president that started the promotion of affirmative action?
G6.Who
abolished racial segregation of the armed forces?
G7.Who
ordered Federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas?
G8.Who
asked that federal contractors should take affirmative action in recruiting?
G9.Who
believed affirmative action would help minorities from past discrimination?
G10.
Who said that affirmative action was good for America?
The
present Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is William H. Rehnquist
(R). The first woman on the Supreme Court is Sandra O’Connor
(R). The second woman on the Supreme Court is Ruth Bader
Ginsburg (D). The second African American on the Supreme Court
was Clarence Thomas (R). The first Italian American on the
Supreme Court was Antonin Scalia (R).
Questions
H:
H1.Who
is the current Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court?
H2.Who
was the first woman to sit on the Supreme Court?
H3.Who
is the first Italian American to sit on the Supreme Court?
H4.Why
is Thurgood Marshall important?
H5.Who
is the first democratic woman to sit on the Supreme Court?
H6.Who
was the first African American on the Supreme Court?
H7.William
H. Rehnquist serves what position in the U.S government?
H8.How
many African American have been appointed to the U.S Supreme Court?
H9.How
many Democratic women have been appointed to the U.S Supreme Court?
Interest groups that made up of minorities who might support civil rights movements include the following:
NAACP
(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is the nation’s
largest and strongest civil rights organization. Its main objective is
to ensure the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority
group citizens of the United States and eliminate race prejudice.
--
tend to support the Democratic
Party
Rainbow/PUSH
Coalition
led by Jesse Jackson (D)
–
tend to support the Democratic Party
AIM
– American Indian Movement -- tend to support Democratic Party
MALDEF
– Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund
--
tend to support Democratic Party
SCLC
– Southern Christian Leadership Conference
–
led by Martin Luther King
--
tend to support Democratic Party
ADL
– Anti-Defamation League - supports Jewish people and fights anti-Semitism
through programs and services that counteract hatred, prejudice and bigotry.
--
tend to support Democratic Party
American
Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) – supports the civil rights movement’s
goal of racial justice and equal opportunity and defended on first Amendment
grounds its choice of peaceful demonstration as a way of achieving that
goal.
--
tend to support the Democratic Party
Questions
J:
J1.What
group favors free speech?
J2.ACLU
supports what party?
J3.Who
founded the SCLC?
J4.Who
was the leader of NAACP?
J5.Who
was the leader of Civil Rights Movement?
J6.Who
was the leader of RAINBOW/PUSH Coalition?
J7.What
party does these movements supports?
J8.What
does the NAACP stands for?
J5.What
movement helps to end segregation in America?
American
Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF)-- tend to support Republican
Party
National
Grange
promotes quality of life and profitable farms and ranches
--
tend to support Republican Party
National
Farmers Alliance (NFA)—tend to support Democratic Party
National
Farmers Organization (NFO)—tend to support Democratic Party
National
Farmers Union (NFU)—tend to support Democratic Party
Questions
K:
K1.What
is AFBF stands for?
K2.Who
promotes quality of life and profitable farms and ranches?
K3.What
is NFA stands for?
K4.What
two groups support the Republican?
K5.What
three groups support the Democrat?
K6.What
is NFO stands for?
K7.What
is NFU stands for?
Interest
groups that made up of women and religious leader who might support the
pro-life or pro-choice movements include the following:
National
Organization for Women (NOW) -- Favors Pro-choice movement NOW supports
access to safe and legal abortion, to effective birth control, to reproductive
health and education. NOW oppose attempts to restrict these rights through
legislation, regulation (like the gag rule) or Constitutional amendment.
--
tend to support Democratic Party
Emily’s
List – favors Pro-choice movements -- tend to support Democratic
Party
Feminist
Majority Foundation Online -- tend to support Democratic Party
League
of Women Voter’s (LWV) – favors pro-life movements
--
tend to support Democratic Party
Questions
L:
L1.NOW
stands for what?
L2.NOW
supports what party?
L3.Emily’s
List favors what pro movement and supports what party?
L4.League
of Women’s Voter supports what party?
L5.Feminist
Majority Foundation Online supports what party?
Interest
Groups that tend to support Democratic Party:
AFL-CIO --
American Federation of Labor – Congress of Industrial Organization
AFSCME
-- American Federation of
State, County, & Municipal Employees
IBEW-
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
UFW
– United Farm Workers – founded by Cesar Chavez
Questions
M:
M1.Who
founded UFW?
M2.UFW
supports what party?
M3.What
is AFL-CIO?
M4.What
is UFW stands for?
M5.What
is IBEW stands for?
M6.Cesar
Chavez was the leader of what group?
Interest groups that made up of environmentalist who might support environmental movements include the following:
Greenpeace
International -- tend to support Democratic Party
Sierra
Club -- tend to support Democratic Party
Environmental
Defense Fund (EDF) -- tend to support Democratic Party
Questions
N:
N1.What
is EDF stands for?
N2.Which
club protects the environment?
N3.Which
fund promoted the clean air, water, and food?
N4.Greenpeace
supports what party?
N5.Sierra
Club supports what party?
N6.EDF
supports what party?